When Did a Government Become a Patron of the Art
Overview
It has long been a matter of debate why the Renaissance began in Florence, and non elsewhere in Italy. Scholars accept noted several features unique to Florentine cultural life that may have caused such a cultural motility. Many take emphasized the role played by the Medici, a banking family unit and later ducal ruling firm, in patronizing and stimulating the arts. Lorenzo de' Medici (1449–1492) was the goad for an enormous amount of arts patronage, encouraging his countrymen to commission works from the leading artists of Florence, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti. Works by Neri di Bicci, Botticelli, da Vinci, and Filippino Lippi had been deputed additionally by the convent di San Donato agli Scopeti of the Augustinians order in Florence.
The Medici Firm Patronage
The Firm of Medici was an Italian banking family, political dynasty, and later purple house that first began to gather prominence nether Cosimo de' Medici in the Democracy of Florence during the first half of the 15th century. Their wealth and influence initially derived from the textile trade guided by the guild of the Arte della Lana. Similar other signore families, they dominated their city's government, they were able to bring Florence nether their family's power, and they created an environment where art and Humanism could flourish. They, along with other families of Italy, such every bit the Visconti and Sforza of Milan, the Este of Ferrara, and the Gonzaga of Mantua, fostered and inspired the birth of the Italian Renaissance.
The biggest accomplishments of the Medici were in the sponsorship of fine art and architecture, mainly early and High Renaissance art and architecture. The Medici were responsible for the bulk of Florentine art during their reign. Their money was significant because during this menses, artists by and large simply fabricated their works when they received commissions in advance. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, aided Masaccio and commissioned Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, in 1419. Cosimo the Elder'south notable creative associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. The about meaning addition to the listing over the years was Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564), who produced work for a number of Medici, beginning with Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was said to be extremely fond of the young Michelangelo, inviting him to written report the family unit collection of antique sculpture. Lorenzo also served every bit patron of Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) for seven years. Indeed, Lorenzo was an artist in his ain correct, and an writer of verse and song; his support of the arts and letters is seen as a high point in Medici patronage.
In architecture, the Medici are responsible for some notable features of Florence, including the Uffizi Gallery, the Boboli Gardens, the Belvedere, the Medici Chapel, and the Palazzo Medici. Later, in Rome, the Medici Popes continued in the family tradition past patronizing artists in Rome. Pope Leo X would importantly commission works from Raphael. Pope Cloudless Vii commissioned Michelangelo to pigment the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel but before the pontiff's death in 1534. Eleanor of Toledo, princess of Kingdom of spain and wife of Cosimo I the Dandy, purchased the Pitti Palace from Buonaccorso Pitti in 1550. Cosimo in turn patronized Vasari, who erected the Uffizi Gallery in 1560 and founded the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno ("Academy of the Arts of Cartoon") in 1563. Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry Iv of France and mother of Louis 13, is the subject of a commissioned cycle of paintings known equally the Marie de' Medici cycle, painted for the Luxembourg Palace by court painter Peter Paul Rubens in 1622–1623.
Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous Galileo Galilei, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children and was an of import figurehead for his patron'south quest for power. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy. However, the Medici family unit did afford the scientist a safe haven for many years. Galileo named the four largest moons of Jupiter after four Medici children he tutored, although the names Galileo used are not the names currently used.
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-westerncivilization/chapter/art-and-patronage/
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